How to read this. Each row is where India imports a material from — the
immediate customs origin, sorted by single-supplier concentration. ⛏ marks a top source that is also
the material's lead miner (a genuine origin); without it, the supplier is a refiner or hub and the real
mine sits further upstream (open the material's profile to see where).
Import-vulnerability index (18/100). A value-weighted average, across India’s
imports, of each material’s supply-risk index × how concentrated India’s
own sourcing of it is. High when it buys intrinsically risky materials from a single supplier; lower when
it diversifies. The risk column below is the material’s own score — multiply it by the country’s
share to see where India is most exposed.
China’s share of India’s critical-material imports, 2002–2024: 13% ↓ 4%
| Material | Top source | share | import HHI | risk | China | # sources | imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magnesium, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 99% | 0.97 | 61 | 99% | 6 | $72M |
| Feldspar | 🇿🇦 South Africa | 98% | 0.96 | 25 | 0% | 12 | $92M |
| Beryllium, unwrought | 🇺🇸 United States ⛏ | 96% | 0.93 | 76 | 0% | 3 | $32k |
| Arsenic | 🇨🇳 China | 96% | 0.92 | 28 | 96% | 3 | $725k |
| Tungsten, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 95% | 0.90 | 46 | 95% | 8 | $8M |
| Silicon, < 99.99% | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 90% | 0.81 | 46 | 90% | 15 | $183M |
| Tantalum, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China | 88% | 0.78 | 33 | 88% | 4 | $103k |
| Rare-earth permanent magnets | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 87% | 0.76 | 52 | 87% | 20 | $187M |
| Natural borates | 🇹🇷 Turkey ⛏ | 87% | 0.76 | 42 | 0% | 6 | $48M |
| Aluminium ores / bauxite | 🇬🇳 Guinea | 79% | 0.65 | 46 | 14% | 9 | $349M |
| Refined copper cathodes | 🇯🇵 Japan | 72% | 0.56 | 23 | 0% | 8 | $2.6B |
| Helium | 🇶🇦 Qatar | 72% | 0.57 | 22 | 2% | 8 | $57M |
| Palladium, unwrought | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 66% | 0.48 | 24 | 0% | 6 | $107M |
| Ferro-niobium | 🇧🇷 Brazil ⛏ | 66% | 0.48 | 63 | 0% | 8 | $77M |
| Platinum, unwrought | 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates | 65% | 0.49 | 40 | 0% | 12 | $1.6B |
| Baryte | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 64% | 0.45 | 16 | 64% | 9 | $7M |
| Phosphate rock | 🇯🇴 Jordan | 64% | 0.44 | 34 | 0% | 10 | $1.1B |
| Cobalt oxides & hydroxides | 🇫🇮 Finland | 62% | 0.44 | 43 | 16% | 6 | $10M |
| Phosphorus | 🇻🇳 Vietnam | 59% | 0.51 | 62 | 0% | 6 | $157M |
| Antimony, unwrought | 🇹🇭 Thailand | 58% | 0.39 | 38 | 2% | 9 | $28M |
| Manganese ore | 🇿🇦 South Africa ⛏ | 55% | 0.45 | 46 | 0% | 15 | $1.1B |
| Natural graphite | 🇹🇿 Tanzania | 54% | 0.37 | 52 | 15% | 10 | $3M |
| Fluorspar, >97% CaF2 | 🇿🇦 South Africa | 52% | 0.34 | 48 | 21% | 9 | $73M |
| Strontium carbonate | 🇩🇪 Germany | 49% | 0.32 | 55 | 21% | 7 | $5M |
| Ferro-vanadium | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 48% | 0.30 | 47 | 16% | 9 | $26M |
| Coking coal | 🇿🇦 South Africa | 45% | 0.34 | 24 | 0% | 9 | $5.7B |
| Titanium, unwrought | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 43% | 0.25 | 39 | 18% | 8 | $14M |
| Lithium carbonate | 🇺🇸 United States | 30% | 0.21 | 62 | 17% | 13 | $15M |
| Gallium | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 30% | 0.20 | 57 | 30% | 7 | $2M |
| Germanium | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 30% | 0.20 | 44 | 30% | 7 | $2M |
| Hafnium, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China | 30% | 0.20 | 34 | 30% | 7 | $2M |
| Nickel, unwrought | 🇯🇵 Japan | 22% | 0.15 | 35 | 9% | 14 | $522M |
Computed from out/flows_2024.json + out/data.json by build_profiles.py. Customs records the immediate shipper, not the mine — see methodology.