How to read this. Each row is where Japan imports a material from — the
immediate customs origin, sorted by single-supplier concentration. ⛏ marks a top source that is also
the material's lead miner (a genuine origin); without it, the supplier is a refiner or hub and the real
mine sits further upstream (open the material's profile to see where).
Import-vulnerability index (18/100). A value-weighted average, across Japan’s
imports, of each material’s supply-risk index × how concentrated Japan’s
own sourcing of it is. High when it buys intrinsically risky materials from a single supplier; lower when
it diversifies. The risk column below is the material’s own score — multiply it by the country’s
share to see where Japan is most exposed.
China’s share of Japan’s critical-material imports, 2002–2024: 15% ↓ 3%
| Material | Top source | share | import HHI | risk | China | # sources | imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tungsten, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 100% | 0.99 | 46 | 100% | 5 | $35M |
| Natural borates | 🇹🇷 Turkey ⛏ | 99% | 0.98 | 42 | 1% | 3 | $6M |
| Phosphorus | 🇻🇳 Vietnam | 99% | 0.98 | 57 | 0% | 7 | $91M |
| Magnesium, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 98% | 0.96 | 60 | 98% | 6 | $55M |
| Ferro-niobium | 🇧🇷 Brazil ⛏ | 97% | 0.95 | 64 | 0% | 7 | $175M |
| Natural graphite | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 95% | 0.91 | 51 | 95% | 8 | $8M |
| Baryte | 🇨🇳 China | 95% | 0.90 | 15 | 95% | 6 | $8M |
| Platinum, unwrought | 🇿🇦 South Africa ⛏ | 82% | 0.67 | 39 | 0% | 14 | $1.5B |
| Arsenic | 🇩🇪 Germany | 82% | 0.70 | 31 | 18% | 2 | $236k |
| Titanium, unwrought | 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | 79% | 0.65 | 43 | 14% | 7 | $71M |
| Beryllium, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China | 78% | 0.66 | 74 | 78% | 2 | $52k |
| Aluminium ores / bauxite | 🇨🇳 China | 77% | 0.64 | 45 | 77% | 7 | $16M |
| Fluorspar, >97% CaF2 | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 73% | 0.60 | 51 | 73% | 7 | $9M |
| Coking coal | 🇦🇺 Australia ⛏ | 68% | 0.49 | 24 | 0% | 10 | $24.6B |
| Silicon, < 99.99% | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 67% | 0.47 | 47 | 67% | 11 | $380M |
| Manganese ore | 🇿🇦 South Africa ⛏ | 60% | 0.48 | 46 | 1% | 6 | $203M |
| Strontium carbonate | 🇩🇪 Germany | 58% | 0.42 | 57 | 21% | 6 | $11M |
| Ferro-vanadium | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 58% | 0.39 | 45 | 58% | 7 | $49M |
| Nickel, unwrought | 🇦🇺 Australia | 58% | 0.38 | 32 | 0% | 7 | $857M |
| Phosphate rock | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 55% | 0.51 | 31 | 55% | 2 | $12M |
| Lithium carbonate | 🇨🇱 Chile | 50% | 0.37 | 64 | 16% | 7 | $215M |
| Helium | 🇺🇸 United States ⛏ | 45% | 0.32 | 22 | 13% | 7 | $199M |
| Cobalt oxides & hydroxides | 🇫🇮 Finland | 43% | 0.32 | 43 | 10% | 8 | $18M |
| Palladium, unwrought | 🇿🇦 South Africa | 43% | 0.28 | 25 | 0% | 15 | $1.3B |
| Refined copper cathodes | 🇳🇬 Nigeria | 38% | 0.29 | 23 | 0% | 6 | $61M |
| Feldspar | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 38% | 0.24 | 25 | 12% | 6 | $4M |
| Rare-earth permanent magnets | 🇵🇭 Philippines | 33% | 0.27 | 52 | 28% | 13 | $565M |
| Tantalum, unwrought | 🇩🇪 Germany | 31% | 0.25 | 33 | 1% | 6 | $31M |
| Antimony, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 28% | 0.22 | 35 | 28% | 9 | $89M |
| Gallium | 🇹🇼 Taiwan | 19% | 0.14 | 57 | 19% | 15 | $84M |
| Germanium | 🇹🇼 Taiwan | 19% | 0.14 | 44 | 19% | 15 | $84M |
| Hafnium, unwrought | 🇹🇼 Taiwan | 19% | 0.14 | 32 | 19% | 15 | $84M |
Computed from out/flows_2024.json + out/data.json by build_profiles.py. Customs records the immediate shipper, not the mine — see methodology.