How to read this. Each row is where Netherlands imports a material from — the
immediate customs origin, sorted by single-supplier concentration. ⛏ marks a top source that is also
the material's lead miner (a genuine origin); without it, the supplier is a refiner or hub and the real
mine sits further upstream (open the material's profile to see where).
Import-vulnerability index (17/100). A value-weighted average, across Netherlands’s
imports, of each material’s supply-risk index × how concentrated Netherlands’s
own sourcing of it is. High when it buys intrinsically risky materials from a single supplier; lower when
it diversifies. The risk column below is the material’s own score — multiply it by the country’s
share to see where Netherlands is most exposed.
China’s share of Netherlands’s critical-material imports, 2002–2024: 1% → 3%
| Material | Top source | share | import HHI | risk | China | # sources | imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beryllium, unwrought | 🇺🇸 United States ⛏ | 100% | 1.00 | 74 | 0% | 1 | $1k |
| Natural borates | 🇹🇷 Turkey ⛏ | 100% | 1.00 | 42 | 0% | 9 | $7M |
| Magnesium, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 99% | 0.98 | 60 | 99% | 10 | $18M |
| Platinum, unwrought | 🇮🇹 Italy | 92% | 0.84 | 39 | 0% | 18 | $13M |
| Lithium carbonate | 🇨🇱 Chile | 90% | 0.82 | 64 | 0% | 24 | $109M |
| Tungsten, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 88% | 0.79 | 46 | 88% | 5 | $3M |
| Palladium, unwrought | 🇮🇹 Italy | 87% | 0.78 | 25 | 0% | 18 | $56M |
| Ferro-niobium | 🇧🇷 Brazil ⛏ | 87% | 0.77 | 64 | 0% | 11 | $531M |
| Fluorspar, >97% CaF2 | 🇿🇦 South Africa | 87% | 0.76 | 51 | 7% | 7 | $21M |
| Natural graphite | 🇵🇱 Poland | 83% | 0.71 | 51 | 15% | 9 | $733k |
| Gallium | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 76% | 0.60 | 57 | 76% | 12 | $11M |
| Germanium | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 76% | 0.60 | 44 | 76% | 12 | $11M |
| Hafnium, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China | 76% | 0.60 | 32 | 76% | 12 | $11M |
| Tantalum, unwrought | 🇩🇪 Germany | 69% | 0.52 | 33 | 13% | 9 | $476k |
| Baryte | 🇨🇳 China | 68% | 0.52 | 15 | 68% | 17 | $40M |
| Feldspar | 🇹🇷 Turkey ⛏ | 65% | 0.49 | 25 | 0% | 18 | $11M |
| Aluminium ores / bauxite | 🇬🇾 Guyana | 63% | 0.43 | 45 | 13% | 15 | $35M |
| Arsenic | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | 62% | 0.52 | 31 | 38% | 7 | $769k |
| Strontium carbonate | 🇩🇪 Germany | 60% | 0.41 | 57 | 3% | 8 | $192k |
| Rare-earth permanent magnets | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 57% | 0.40 | 52 | 57% | 28 | $73M |
| Manganese ore | 🇿🇦 South Africa ⛏ | 53% | 0.39 | 46 | 0% | 23 | $12M |
| Phosphate rock | 🇿🇦 South Africa | 51% | 0.42 | 31 | 0% | 16 | $258M |
| Phosphorus | 🇩🇪 Germany | 45% | 0.35 | 57 | 0% | 13 | $5M |
| Coking coal | 🇦🇺 Australia ⛏ | 44% | 0.29 | 24 | 0% | 27 | $2.3B |
| Nickel, unwrought | 🇳🇴 Norway | 43% | 0.24 | 32 | 2% | 29 | $1.9B |
| Refined copper cathodes | 🇨🇱 Chile ⛏ | 40% | 0.23 | 23 | 0% | 23 | $778M |
| Cobalt oxides & hydroxides | 🇫🇮 Finland | 39% | 0.24 | 43 | 21% | 18 | $10M |
| Antimony, unwrought | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 37% | 0.24 | 35 | 24% | 12 | $15M |
| Helium | 🇧🇪 Belgium | 37% | 0.27 | 22 | 22% | 16 | $34M |
| Ferro-vanadium | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 36% | 0.26 | 45 | 13% | 18 | $77M |
| Titanium, unwrought | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 31% | 0.20 | 43 | 20% | 21 | $9M |
| Silicon, < 99.99% | 🇮🇸 Iceland | 24% | 0.17 | 47 | 22% | 20 | $144M |
Computed from out/flows_2024.json + out/data.json by build_profiles.py. Customs records the immediate shipper, not the mine — see methodology.