How to read this. Each row is where Poland imports a material from — the
immediate customs origin, sorted by single-supplier concentration. ⛏ marks a top source that is also
the material's lead miner (a genuine origin); without it, the supplier is a refiner or hub and the real
mine sits further upstream (open the material's profile to see where).
Import-vulnerability index (14/100). A value-weighted average, across Poland’s
imports, of each material’s supply-risk index × how concentrated Poland’s
own sourcing of it is. High when it buys intrinsically risky materials from a single supplier; lower when
it diversifies. The risk column below is the material’s own score — multiply it by the country’s
share to see where Poland is most exposed.
China’s share of Poland’s critical-material imports, 2002–2024: 8% ↓ 6%
| Material | Top source | share | import HHI | risk | China | # sources | imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferro-niobium | 🇧🇷 Brazil ⛏ | 92% | 0.84 | 64 | 0% | 6 | $12M |
| Strontium carbonate | 🇯🇵 Japan | 92% | 0.84 | 57 | 1% | 7 | $1M |
| Magnesium, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 89% | 0.80 | 60 | 89% | 9 | $5M |
| Refined copper cathodes | 🇩🇪 Germany | 86% | 0.75 | 23 | 0% | 9 | $112M |
| Natural borates | 🇹🇷 Turkey ⛏ | 84% | 0.73 | 42 | 0% | 5 | $1M |
| Tantalum, unwrought | 🇭🇺 Hungary | 83% | 0.69 | 33 | 2% | 5 | $182k |
| Rare-earth permanent magnets | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 75% | 0.60 | 52 | 75% | 15 | $135M |
| Phosphorus | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 75% | 0.62 | 57 | 0% | 6 | $47M |
| Gallium | 🇩🇪 Germany | 70% | 0.51 | 57 | 2% | 7 | $510k |
| Germanium | 🇩🇪 Germany | 70% | 0.51 | 44 | 2% | 7 | $510k |
| Hafnium, unwrought | 🇩🇪 Germany | 70% | 0.51 | 32 | 2% | 7 | $510k |
| Titanium, unwrought | 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | 67% | 0.47 | 43 | 9% | 7 | $2M |
| Palladium, unwrought | 🇮🇹 Italy | 64% | 0.53 | 25 | 0% | 6 | $201M |
| Arsenic | 🇨🇳 China | 64% | 0.44 | 31 | 64% | 6 | $94k |
| Natural graphite | 🇧🇷 Brazil | 57% | 0.40 | 51 | 4% | 6 | $2M |
| Platinum, unwrought | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 57% | 0.49 | 39 | 0% | 6 | $152M |
| Fluorspar, >97% CaF2 | 🇩🇪 Germany | 56% | 0.44 | 51 | 1% | 6 | $3M |
| Helium | 🇫🇷 France | 47% | 0.28 | 22 | 7% | 8 | $50M |
| Baryte | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 46% | 0.26 | 15 | 0% | 11 | $6M |
| Phosphate rock | 🇲🇦 Morocco | 46% | 0.31 | 31 | 0% | 7 | $14M |
| Beryllium, unwrought | 🇩🇪 Germany | 40% | 0.34 | 74 | 0% | 4 | $51k |
| Feldspar | 🇹🇷 Turkey ⛏ | 38% | 0.30 | 25 | 0% | 10 | $18M |
| Tungsten, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 36% | 0.26 | 46 | 36% | 6 | $384k |
| Cobalt oxides & hydroxides | 🇨🇳 China | 33% | 0.24 | 43 | 33% | 6 | $453k |
| Ferro-vanadium | 🇦🇹 Austria | 33% | 0.23 | 45 | 4% | 10 | $18M |
| Antimony, unwrought | 🇹🇭 Thailand | 32% | 0.22 | 35 | 19% | 7 | $2M |
| Coking coal | 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 32% | 0.20 | 24 | 0% | 14 | $1.0B |
| Aluminium ores / bauxite | 🇩🇪 Germany | 31% | 0.17 | 45 | 11% | 12 | $17M |
| Lithium carbonate | 🇨🇱 Chile | 29% | 0.24 | 64 | 0% | 8 | $3M |
| Manganese ore | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 25% | 0.18 | 46 | 0% | 9 | $4M |
| Silicon, < 99.99% | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | 23% | 0.16 | 47 | 0% | 15 | $61M |
| Nickel, unwrought | 🇷🇺 Russia | 22% | 0.16 | 32 | 0% | 9 | $24M |
Computed from out/flows_2024.json + out/data.json by build_profiles.py. Customs records the immediate shipper, not the mine — see methodology.