How to read this. Each row is where Vietnam imports a material from — the
immediate customs origin, sorted by single-supplier concentration. ⛏ marks a top source that is also
the material's lead miner (a genuine origin); without it, the supplier is a refiner or hub and the real
mine sits further upstream (open the material's profile to see where).
Import-vulnerability index (17/100). A value-weighted average, across Vietnam’s
imports, of each material’s supply-risk index × how concentrated Vietnam’s
own sourcing of it is. High when it buys intrinsically risky materials from a single supplier; lower when
it diversifies. The risk column below is the material’s own score — multiply it by the country’s
share to see where Vietnam is most exposed.
China’s share of Vietnam’s critical-material imports, 2002–2024: 27% ↓ 17%
| Material | Top source | share | import HHI | risk | China | # sources | imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phosphate rock | 🇪🇬 Egypt | 100% | 1.00 | 31 | 0% | 1 | $3M |
| Aluminium ores / bauxite | 🇹🇼 Taiwan | 99% | 0.99 | 45 | 0% | 3 | $424k |
| Tungsten, unwrought | 🇺🇸 United States | 98% | 0.97 | 46 | 0% | 5 | $3M |
| Magnesium, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 98% | 0.96 | 60 | 98% | 4 | $8M |
| Fluorspar, >97% CaF2 | 🇵🇰 Pakistan | 98% | 0.96 | 51 | 0% | 4 | $288k |
| Rare-earth permanent magnets | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 90% | 0.82 | 52 | 90% | 6 | $378M |
| Palladium, unwrought | 🇯🇵 Japan | 90% | 0.82 | 25 | 0% | 3 | $390k |
| Ferro-niobium | 🇸🇬 Singapore | 90% | 0.82 | 64 | 0% | 4 | $7M |
| Natural graphite | 🇰🇷 South Korea | 89% | 0.80 | 51 | 2% | 3 | $28k |
| Baryte | 🇨🇳 China | 87% | 0.77 | 15 | 87% | 5 | $5M |
| Natural borates | 🇹🇷 Turkey ⛏ | 84% | 0.73 | 42 | 15% | 5 | $3M |
| Feldspar | 🇮🇳 India | 84% | 0.71 | 25 | 6% | 10 | $14M |
| Strontium carbonate | 🇨🇳 China | 84% | 0.72 | 57 | 84% | 3 | $582k |
| Tantalum, unwrought | 🇺🇸 United States | 82% | 0.70 | 33 | 18% | 2 | $513k |
| Coking coal | 🇦🇺 Australia ⛏ | 77% | 0.62 | 24 | 0% | 7 | $3.2B |
| Manganese ore | 🇨🇳 China | 73% | 0.59 | 46 | 73% | 5 | $24M |
| Lithium carbonate | 🇨🇱 Chile | 72% | 0.56 | 64 | 8% | 5 | $2M |
| Antimony, unwrought | 🇹🇭 Thailand | 71% | 0.58 | 35 | 27% | 4 | $1M |
| Platinum, unwrought | 🇯🇵 Japan | 62% | 0.46 | 39 | 0% | 3 | $8M |
| Phosphorus | 🇯🇵 Japan | 61% | 0.43 | 57 | 5% | 5 | $252k |
| Silicon, < 99.99% | 🇨🇳 China ⛏ | 60% | 0.51 | 47 | 60% | 6 | $32M |
| Helium | 🇸🇬 Singapore | 50% | 0.35 | 22 | 3% | 7 | $6M |
| Ferro-vanadium | 🇹🇼 Taiwan | 43% | 0.35 | 45 | 23% | 4 | $5M |
| Nickel, unwrought | 🇨🇳 China | 41% | 0.27 | 32 | 41% | 8 | $31M |
| Cobalt oxides & hydroxides | 🇨🇳 China | 38% | 0.33 | 43 | 38% | 7 | $3M |
| Titanium, unwrought | 🇯🇵 Japan | 38% | 0.27 | 43 | 30% | 6 | $1M |
| Gallium | 🇯🇵 Japan | 35% | 0.24 | 57 | 3% | 7 | $404k |
| Germanium | 🇯🇵 Japan | 35% | 0.24 | 44 | 3% | 7 | $404k |
| Hafnium, unwrought | 🇯🇵 Japan | 35% | 0.24 | 32 | 3% | 7 | $404k |
| Refined copper cathodes | 🇨🇳 China | 29% | 0.20 | 23 | 29% | 11 | $1.9B |
Computed from out/flows_2024.json + out/data.json by build_profiles.py. Customs records the immediate shipper, not the mine — see methodology.